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That part of the storage volume of a tank which is reserved for emergency situations, is referred to as the "emergency volume" of the tank. The magnitude of this volume is normally prescribed either by a water supply authority or a fire authority. It depends mainly on the availability of repair teams, and the intensity and duration of fire-flows. The unit cost of storage decreases with an increase in tank size. This emergency volume is therefore important in the context of optimal tank sizing due to the effect of "economy of scale".